A colonoscopy is a valuable screening procedure, but misconceptions can deter patients from scheduling it. Understanding the facts behind the screening process clarifies it for those who require it. Here is more information on the procedure, its purpose, and common myths associated with it:
What Is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. A gastroenterologist uses a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope, with a light and a camera at the tip, to visualize the area. This instrument allows the doctor to view the entire colon, and they identify abnormalities such as ulcers, polyps, or inflammation.
During the examination, the physician can also remove abnormal tissue or take biopsies for further analysis. This capability makes the procedure both diagnostic and therapeutic. Patients are sedated to minimize discomfort, and the procedure usually lasts between 30 and 45 minutes.
Why Is It Conducted?
Physicians recommend colonoscopies primarily to screen for colorectal cancer and to remove precancerous polyps before they develop into malignancies. Individuals should start regular screening at age 45, though those with a family history may need to begin earlier. Screening allows for early detection, which can improve treatment outcomes and survival rates.
This procedure helps investigate the causes of various gastrointestinal symptoms. If a patient experiences persistent abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, chronic constipation, or chronic diarrhea, a doctor may order a colonoscopy, as it helps them find the underlying issue. It is also used to monitor patients with a history of polyps or inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
What Does the Process Involve?
Preparation for a colonoscopy begins the day before the procedure and is key to a successful examination. Patients follow a specific diet and take a bowel preparation solution to clear the colon of all solid matter. A clear colon allows the gastroenterologist to see the lining without obstruction, and this helps increase the accuracy of the screening.
On the day of the procedure, the patient arrives at the clinic and is prepped for sedation. The medical team monitors vital signs while the doctor inserts the colonoscope into the rectum and guides it through the colon. Once the examination is complete, the patient is moved to a recovery area to wake up from the sedation. The doctor will discuss initial findings, though final biopsy results may take a few days to process.
What Are the Benefits?
The primary benefit of a colonoscopy is the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer. By finding and removing polyps during the same procedure, doctors can prevent cancer from forming in the first place. A colonoscopy also helps diagnose unexplained gastrointestinal issues, and this leads to appropriate treatment plans. Whether the issue is inflammation, diverticulosis, or another condition, visualizing the colon gives the physician helpful information about gastrointestinal health.
What Are Some Myths?
One myth is that a colonoscopy is painful, which may cause some individuals to delay screening. In reality, patients receive sedation, meaning they feel little to no pain. Another myth is that colonoscopies are only for men, but colorectal cancer affects both men and women. Ignoring screening based on gender can lead to delayed diagnosis and more advanced disease stages.
Consult a Specialist Today
Scheduling a colonoscopy is a proactive step toward maintaining long-term gastrointestinal health. If you are 45 or older or experiencing persistent digestive symptoms, speak with a gastroenterologist to schedule a screening. Early detection is effective in preventing colorectal cancer, and it helps manage digestive diseases.
