Advancements in cardiology have resulted in certain treatment devices, each designed to address specific challenges in heart function. These technologies are the outcome of years of research and engineering, providing options for individuals living with heart rhythm abnormalities or weakened cardiac output. These often come in the form machines that are implanted and manage heart conditions automatically.
Pacemaker
A pacemaker is a small electronic device placed under the skin of the chest that helps regulate abnormal heart rhythms known as arrhythmias. The device has two main parts: the pulse generator and the leads. The pacemaker monitors the heart’s electrical activity and, when it detects an irregular heartbeat, delivers low-energy electrical pulses to stimulate a regular rhythm.
Pacemakers are used to correct cardiac disturbances by providing a steady heart rate. Modern pacemakers can be programmed to meet individual needs, with some models featuring rate-responsive technology that adjusts pacing based on physical activity or other circumstances. This approach allows the heart rate to increase during activity and decrease during rest, supporting daily activities.
Pacemaker implantation is generally performed during a minor surgical procedure, and the devices are designed for long-term use. Their compact size and programmable features make them adaptable to the varying needs of individuals with arrhythmias. Regular monitoring allows cardiology providers to track device performance, letting them make adjustments as necessary.
Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator
An implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is a device for individuals at risk of life-threatening rapid heart rhythms. Like a pacemaker, an ICD is surgically implanted and monitors the heart’s rhythm via leads connected to the heart. Its primary function is to detect dangerous electrical patterns and deliver a calibrated shock to restore a normal rhythm if needed.
The device consists of a pulse generator and leads, which makes it similar in structure to a pacemaker. If the ICD identifies a rapid or chaotic rhythm, it can deliver a high-energy shock to correct the problem. This capability distinguishes the ICD from standard pacemakers, which are limited to pacing functions. Many ICDs may be equipped to provide low-energy pacing to address less severe rhythm disturbances.
Ventricular Assist Device
A ventricular assist device (VAD) is a mechanical pump that supports the heart’s ability to circulate blood in individuals with advanced heart failure. These devices are typically used when the heart muscle is too weak to maintain adequate blood flow despite other treatments. Unlike pacemakers and ICDs, VADs assist directly with the physical pumping action of the heart rather than its rhythm.
VADs are implanted during open-heart surgery. The pump is powered by an external controller and power source, usually carried by the individual outside their body. A VAD supports the left ventricle (LVAD), which is responsible for sending oxygenated blood throughout the body, but devices are also available to support the right ventricle or both sides of the heart when needed.
Seek Professional Cardiology Services
While medical devices have transformed approaches to heart rhythm and heart failure management, decisions about their use and management call for expert assessment. A cardiologist can evaluate symptoms and develop a plan that addresses the specific needs and goals of each individual. Consulting with a cardiology specialist provides access to current knowledge and guidance.
