Neuropathy is a condition caused by damage to the peripheral nerves, often resulting in weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other areas and body functions, including digestion, urination, and circulation. This condition is a common complication of diabetes, but managing blood sugar levels can help prevent or delay its onset. Here is more information on the impact of diabetes on neuropathy:
What Is Neuropathy?
Peripheral neuropathy refers to conditions that result when nerves that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body are damaged or diseased. The peripheral nerves make up an intricate network that connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, skin, and internal organs. Damage to these nerves interrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body, and this can impair muscle movement, prevent normal sensation in the arms and legs, and cause pain.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of neuropathy vary depending on the type of nerve affected: motor, sensory, or autonomic. Sensory nerves carry signals from the skin, such as temperature, pain, vibration, and touch, while motor nerves control muscle movement. Autonomic nerves control functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, and bladder function.
What Is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is a source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. The underlying cause of diabetes varies by type, but no matter what type of diabetes a patient has, it can lead to excess sugar in the blood. Too much sugar in the blood may lead to serious health problems.
How Does Diabetes Affect Neuropathy?
High blood sugar levels over time can damage the nerves throughout the body, most often in the legs and feet. Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that can occur if a patient has diabetes. The impacts of diabetic neuropathy include:
- Metabolic factors: High blood glucose, long-term diabetes, and low insulin levels can lead to nerve damage. These metabolic imbalances interfere with the nerves’ ability to transmit signals.
- Neurovascular factors: High blood sugar damages the delicate blood vessels that supply the nerves with oxygen and nutrients. Without adequate blood flow, the nerves cannot function properly and may eventually die.
- Autoimmune factors: Inflammation of the nerves may result from an autoimmune response. This inflammation puts pressure on the nerves and restricts their ability to send signals to the brain.
What Are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for diabetic neuropathy focuses on slowing the progression of the disease, relieving pain, managing complications, and restoring function. There is no known cure for diabetic neuropathy, but treatments can help manage the condition. Strict control of blood sugar levels is central to preventing further nerve damage.
Medications may be used to relieve nerve pain. Physical therapy improves muscle strength and balance, and it can also help patients learn how to manage pain and improve their mobility. Spinal cord stimulation involves the delivery of low-voltage electricity to the spinal cord to relieve pain. This is an option for patients who have not found relief with other treatments.
Learn More About the Impact
Diabetic neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes that affects the nerves. Understanding the relationship between diabetes and neuropathy is key to managing the condition and preventing further damage. Consult a medical professional for a proper diagnosis and learn how to manage your condition.
